新概念英语第二册同步学习笔记Lesson 21

Lesson 21 

一、核心知识点

1、Drive：变形：drive—drove—driven

ⓐ drive sb. mad 把某人逼疯 

ⓑ 词义拓展：驾驶、开车；驱赶、迫使 

例句：It's too late, I'll drive you home. 

太晚了，我送你回家。

2.for some reason 

ⓐ 释义：由于某种原因 

ⓑ 同义拓展（考试高频）： 

to some degree / to some extent 在某种程度上 

in some way 在某种意义上 

at some point 在某个时候、某种程度上

3.come into use 

ⓐ 释义：投入使用、开始被使用（无被动语态） 

例句：The new robot will come into use next month. 

反义词组：go out of use 被废弃、停止使用

4.must have done 

语法功能：情态动词推测：对过去事情的肯定推测，只用于肯定句

例句：The light is out. They must have gone to bed.

5.drive away 

ⓐ 释义：赶走、驱赶

例句：You need to drive away your fear. 

你需要克服恐惧。

6.knock 高频搭配 

ⓐ knock down 击倒、撞倒、拆除、降价 

ⓑ knock at/on 敲（门、窗） 

ⓒ knock off 撞落、减少、停工

ⓓ knock it off 别吵、停下 

ⓔ knock over 撞倒、打翻

7.offer 用法 

ⓐ 词性：及物动词，主动提供、主动提议 

ⓑ 固定结构：offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.

固定搭配：offer to do sth. 主动做某事

例句：He offered to help me. 

他主动提出帮我。

8.a large sum of money 

ⓐ 释义：一大笔钱 

ⓑ 数量词短语：

a large amount of + 不可数名词 大量 

a great number of + 可数名词复数 大量 

a great deal of + 不可数名词 许多 

a great many + 可数名词复数 许多

二、核心语法：被动语态

1、基础概念

①语态分类

ⓐ 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 

ⓑ 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者

②基本结构

公式：主语+ be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者

2、常见时态被动结构

①一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 

例句：The store is closed.

②一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词 

例句：The old toy was thrown yesterday.

③一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 

例句：The classroom will be cleaned.

④现在进行时：am/is/are + being + 过去分词

The problem is being discussed.

⑤现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词

The house has been built.

3、被动语态特殊用法

①无被动动词（重点）

ⓐ happen、take place、appear 无被动语态

②介词不省略

主动：The boy's friends laughed at him. 

被动：The boy was laughed at by his friends.

③双宾语被动（两种转换）

主动：My parents gave me a doll. 

被动1：I was given a doll by my parents. 

被动2：A doll was given to me by my parents.

④感官动词被动加to 

主动：I saw him go to the park. 

被动：He was seen to go to the park.

⑤宾语从句变被动

句型1：It is believed that + 从句 

例句：It is believed that he would win the game.

句型2：主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do

例句：He is believed to win the game.

三、练习

1、根据中文写单词

①发疯________

② 原因 ________

③ 数量 _________

④ 坚定的、下决心的________

2、单项选择

①This little girl ______ after by her aunt. 

A. was looked B. looked C. was looking D. looks

② This storybook had ______ Mike as a gift. 

A. gave to B. beengiven to 

C. given toD. being given

③ My letter will ______ to my grandparents. 

A. be sending B. be sent C. send D. is be sent

④ When did this car accident ______? 

A. is happened B. be happened 

C. happenD. being happened

⑤ A big cloud ______ like a duck. 

A. looks B. is looked C. looked D. was looked

3、用所给词适当形式填空

①She offered ______ (drive) me home. 

②It's too late. The supermarket must ______ (close). 

③Joey was ______ (give) a toy car on his birthday. 

④It is ______ (report) that this storm will last for a month.

⑤The bridge has ______ (build) by them.

四、练习题参考答案

1、单词拼写① mad ② reason ③ sum/amount ④ determined

2、单项选择① A② B  ③ B ④ C ⑤ A

3、适当形式填空

①to drive ② have beenclosed 

②given ④ reported

⑤ been built