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Excel 教程:身份证提取性别,练习 IF 多层嵌套

  • 2026-09-23 23:26:55
Excel 教程:身份证提取性别,练习 IF 多层嵌套
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01

适用场景
虽然现在基本都是 18 位新版身份证,15 位老身份证已经很少见到,但这个公式是非常经典的IF 嵌套综合练习题,把 LEN、MID、MOD、IF 多个函数组合在一起,非常适合新手练手逻辑思路。
今日教程的视频版:
想系统学习基础常用Excel的伙伴可以点击链接看看:
Excel 公式与函数零基础训练营|系统吃透 50 个高频函数,告别手工加班
喜欢看文字教程的小伙伴可以阅读了~~~

02

案例表格
A 列:姓名,B 列:身份证号码,C 列输出性别
C2 单元格完整公式
=IF(LEN(B2)=15,IF(MOD(MID(B2,15,1),2)=1,"男","女"),IF(MOD(MID(B2,17,1),2)=1,"男","女"))

03

公式逐层拆解
LEN(B2)=15
LEN 函数:统计身份证字符总长度,用来区分是15 位老身份证还是18 位新身份证。
15 位老身份证逻辑:IF(MOD(MID(B2,15,1),2)=1,"男","女")
MID(B2,15,1):截取第 15 位字符,15 位身份证的最后 1 位代表性别
MOD(数字,2):求除以 2 的余数。余数 = 1 是奇数→男;余数 = 0 偶数→女
18 位新身份证逻辑:IF(MOD(MID(B2,17,1),2)=1,"男","女")
MID(B2,17,1):截取第 17 位字符,18 位身份证倒数第二位判断性别
同样用 MOD 判断奇偶,奇数男,偶数女
外层 IF 嵌套
如果长度等于 15,就执行 15 位的判断;否则就执行 18 位的判断。

04

操作步骤
  1. 在 C2 输入上面整套公式,回车,自动算出第一条记录性别
  2. 鼠标放在 C2 单元格右下角,填充柄向下拖动,批量整列计算所有人性别

05

学习重点(嵌套逻辑)
这个公式是IF 里面再套 IF,属于双层 IF 嵌套:
IF(条件1, 条件1成立时执行【IF嵌套A】, 条件1不成立时执行【IF嵌套B】)
新手写嵌套公式,一定要留意括号的配对,公式末尾的右括号数量不能少。

06

现实工作更简洁的优化写法(拓展了解)
现在业务几乎没有 15 位身份证,日常工作可以直接简写,只处理 18 位:
=IF(MOD(MID(B2,17,1),2)=1,"男","女")

07

⚠️新手避坑
  • 身份证列 B,单元格格式务必设置为文本,否则长数字会末尾丢失,公式会出错。
  • 公式里面引号、逗号全部是英文半角符号,中文符号会直接报错。

08

练习价值
哪怕现实很少用 15 位身份证,这个案例把长度判断、字符截取、取余数、IF 多层嵌套全部融合,吃透这个,以后写多层条件判断公式就轻松很多。
基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
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  2. 运行时间 : 0.078643s [ 吞吐率:12.72req/s ] 内存消耗:4,248.02kb 文件加载:140
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  4. 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=ba8b59698404b91737df06236544826d
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000545s ] mysql:host=172.18.0.4;port=3306;dbname=h_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000788s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000412s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000326s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000611s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000324s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000663s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 554025 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000410s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1790295771 WHERE `id` = 554025 [ RunTime:0.001229s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 554025 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000501s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 554025 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000439s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 554025 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000680s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 554025 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000620s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 554025 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000497s ]
0.090367s