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在Excel中通过创建表关系整合多张表的数据

  • 2026-04-15 08:59:42
在Excel中通过创建表关系整合多张表的数据
下图中有两份数据，分别是销售明细和国家-区域的对照表，如果想要按区域汇总销售额，通常的做法是在C列通过vlookup之类的函数将区域匹配到销售明细中，然后创建透视表。这样有一个缺点，就是当你的数据量特别大时，公式的计算会极大的拖慢表格的反应速度。
幸运的是借助Excel 数据模型功能，我们可以更加高效的汇总多张表的数据。下面以汇总区域销售额为例，说明如何在Excel中创建数据模型。
第一步，将销售明细和区域对照转换为“表”。
  • 选择A2:B9, 按下CTRL+T将所选区域转换为表，在表设计里面将表命名为“销售”。
  • 选择D2:E9, 按下CTRL+T将所选区域转换为表，在表设计里面将表命名为“区域”。
第二步，将数据添加到数据模型。如下图，选中表后找到插入---数据透视表---表格和区域。在弹出的对话框中勾选 “将此数据添加到数据模型”。两张表都是同样操作。
第三步，创建表关系。找到数据选项卡---数据模型---关系，新建关系。
上面的表选择销售表，列选择国家。
下面的相关表选择区域表，相关列选择国家。
这样表关系就创建好了，效果类似在SQL中创建了两张表的 left join 了 。
第四步，创建透视表。选中表1，找到插入选项卡---数据透视表---来自数据模型。可以看到透视表的控制面板里面有2张表了，把区域表里面的区域字段拉到左下角的行，把销售表里面的销售额字段拉到右下角的值里面。
这样我们就通过创建表关系按区域汇总好了销售额了。
另外数据模型功能还支持外部数据，如 Access ， SQL Server 与 Excel 内部的数据进行整合，能处理的行数上限也突破常规Excel 1,048,576行的限制，理论上能达到20亿行。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000402s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=h_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000554s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000275s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000289s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000487s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000551s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 461363 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000420s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776450373 WHERE `id` = 461363 [ RunTime:0.003346s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000227s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 461363 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000881s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 461363 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001119s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 461363 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.013295s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 461363 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.008032s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 461363 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.006252s ]
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