跳到内容
当前位置:首页>PPT>【PPT推荐】一场强制降解实验, 走完合成多肽杂质分析的 LC-MS 全流程

【PPT推荐】一场强制降解实验, 走完合成多肽杂质分析的 LC-MS 全流程

  • 2026-11-04 11:00:04
【PPT推荐】一场强制降解实验, 走完合成多肽杂质分析的 LC-MS 全流程
INSIGHTS · 方法学干货

PEPTIDE · LC-MS WORKFLOW · WATERS ONDEMAND 导读

一场强制降解实验,
走完合成多肽杂质分析的 LC-MS 全流程

Waters 合成多肽网络研讨会系列第三场导读——以一次加速稳定性实验为主线,演示从高分辨表征到自动 QC 判定的完整工作流。

头图 ▲

做合成多肽的杂质分析,仪器只是上半场。下半场才是痛点:强制降解一做就是几十个时间点,上百个峰摆在面前,怎么识别、怎么定量、怎么判定合格、怎么出报告?

Waters 合成多肽网络研讨会系列第三场,用一次完整的加速稳定性实验回答了这个问题。完整 PPT 截图附在文末。

01 — TWO PATHWAYS

两条路线,一套色谱

Waters 给出的是「双轨」方案:表征与杂质谱分析走高分辨质谱(Xevo G2-XS QTof / Vion IMS QTof + UNIFI),常规杂质监控走 QDa 质谱检测器(Empower 控制)。关键是两条路线用同一根 CSH C18 色谱柱、同一套色谱条件、同一台 ACQUITY UPLC H-Class PLUS Bio,表征完直接转监控,方法转移几乎零成本。

02 — CASE STUDY

案例:一个多肽的强制降解全程

案例样品是一个多肽药物,酸水解与 100 ℃ 加热双条件,取 0 / 1 / 3 / 16 小时四个时间点进样。UNIFI 里整条工作流是现成的:

壹母体鉴定与纯度。提取质量色谱图与 UV 谱叠加确认主峰,自动计算 MS 纯度与 UV 纯度,趋势图同步显示主成分随时间的衰减。

贰降解产物识别。过滤器筛出全部降解峰,N 端 / C 端剪切位置清晰定位,脱酰胺、氧化等修饰比例自动计算,位点由碎裂谱图确认。

叁按条件分组查看。用标签过滤,单独看「热处理」或「酸处理」各产生了什么——酸处理 16 小时的样品里,水解产物一目了然。

03 — TREND & COMPARE

趋势图与二元对比

趋势图(trend plot)可以把任意属性——响应、质量偏差、修饰比例、保留时间——按样品序列画出来。哪个小时主成分损失最大、C 端降解产物何时出现何时激增,一眼可见。二元对比把 0 小时与 3 小时的 BPI 色谱图叠在一起,已鉴定峰与未知峰分色显示:12 分钟主峰塌下去,5 和 13.8 分钟新峰冒出来,差异直接可见。

更实用的是 QC 判定:在方法里内建限度(例如 UV 纯度 ≥80%,90–100% 警告),软件自动处理、自动判定,哪个样品超标直接在样品板上标红。审数据变成看结果。

04 — DETAILS

几个值得记住的细节

壹二硫键核查:软件可自动尝试所有半胱氨酸配对,揪出错配(scrambling)的二硫键。

贰非天然氨基酸库:自定义单字母代码,用 Excel 批量导入 UNIFI 库,数量几乎无上限;缺失、插入、保护基残留都可建成修饰。

叁批处理:进样完成即实时处理,整批数据自动汇入趋势图与对比图。

肆数据完整性:Oracle 数据库 + 全程审计追踪 + 用户权限分级,GxP ready,合规等级按需开启。

采集、处理、判定、报告,
在同一个合规环境里完成——
数据不落地,全程可追溯。

ONE-LINE TAKEAWAY · 一句话总结

表征用高分辨、监控用 QDa,同一根柱子同一套色谱。真正省时间的是软件:强制降解的几十针数据,从进样到 QC 判定和报告,全自动完成。

ABOUT US · 关于合质医药

「分得开、定得性」之后,
杂质研究只走完了一半。

另一半问题是:这些杂质的安全性怎么论证?限度怎么定?申报资料怎么写?这正是合质医药(PharmaIntegrity)的主场——制药全生命周期的质量合规一站式服务平台。五大服务板块彼此衔接,一份严谨的杂质研究数据,可以同时支撑毒理评估、注册申报与 GMP 体系运行。

01计算毒理评估
基于 (Q)SAR 模型与专家评估:基因毒性杂质 ICH M7 五级分类、E&L 浸出物 PDE 判定、清洁残留 HBEL 计算与共线生产风险评估。无需样品、无需动物实验,2–3 周交付可用于注册申报的毒性评估报告。

02包材 FDA 备案与全球备案
美国 DMF(Type III 包材等)、中国原辅包关联审评、欧盟 CEP / ASMF——一份研究数据支撑中美欧三大市场的递交与持续维护。

03GMP 咨询顾问
以 QRM 与知识管理为底层逻辑:体系搭建与差距分析(ICH Q9/Q10)、官方检查模拟审计、483 / 警告信整改 CAPA 全周期管理。

04CSV 计算机化系统验证
GAMP 5 第二版与 FDA CSA 风险为本思路,覆盖 LIMS、EMS、色谱系统等从选型到退役的验证全周期与 21 CFR Part 11 合规。

05事前审查支持
FDA 批准前检查(PAI)、注册核查的模拟审计、现场支持与缺陷整改闭环——曾支持客户零缺陷通过 FDA 现场检查。

官网 → pharmaintegrity.cn

© 2026 合质医药 PHARMAINTEGRITY · QUALITY & COMPLIANCE FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL LIFECYCLE

基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
  1. 请求信息 : 2026-11-06 19:44:37 HTTP/1.1 GET : http://h.sjds.net/a/574898.html
  2. 运行时间 : 0.079390s [ 吞吐率:12.60req/s ] 内存消耗:4,227.57kb 文件加载:140
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  4. 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=e9c97f7e73a5c2c39ba277097691570a
  1. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/public/index.php ( 0.79 KB )
  2. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/autoload.php ( 0.17 KB )
  3. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/composer/autoload_real.php ( 2.49 KB )
  4. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/composer/platform_check.php ( 0.90 KB )
  5. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php ( 14.03 KB )
  6. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/composer/autoload_static.php ( 4.90 KB )
  7. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper.php ( 8.34 KB )
  8. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/helper.php ( 2.19 KB )
  9. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/helper.php ( 1.47 KB )
  10. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/stubs/load_stubs.php ( 0.16 KB )
  11. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Exception.php ( 1.69 KB )
  12. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Facade.php ( 2.71 KB )
  13. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/symfony/deprecation-contracts/function.php ( 0.99 KB )
  14. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php ( 8.26 KB )
  15. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php ( 9.78 KB )
  16. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/Resources/functions/dump.php ( 1.49 KB )
  17. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-dumper/src/helper.php ( 0.18 KB )
  18. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/VarDumper.php ( 4.30 KB )
  19. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/App.php ( 15.30 KB )
  20. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Container.php ( 15.76 KB )
  21. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/psr/container/src/ContainerInterface.php ( 1.02 KB )
  22. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/provider.php ( 0.19 KB )
  23. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Http.php ( 6.04 KB )
  24. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Str.php ( 7.29 KB )
  25. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Env.php ( 4.68 KB )
  26. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/common.php ( 0.03 KB )
  27. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/helper.php ( 18.78 KB )
  28. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Config.php ( 5.54 KB )
  29. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/app.php ( 0.95 KB )
  30. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/cache.php ( 0.78 KB )
  31. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/console.php ( 0.23 KB )
  32. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/cookie.php ( 0.56 KB )
  33. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/database.php ( 2.48 KB )
  34. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Env.php ( 1.67 KB )
  35. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/filesystem.php ( 0.61 KB )
  36. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/lang.php ( 0.91 KB )
  37. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/log.php ( 1.35 KB )
  38. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/middleware.php ( 0.19 KB )
  39. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/route.php ( 1.89 KB )
  40. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/session.php ( 0.57 KB )
  41. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/trace.php ( 0.34 KB )
  42. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/config/view.php ( 0.82 KB )
  43. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/event.php ( 0.25 KB )
  44. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Event.php ( 7.67 KB )
  45. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/service.php ( 0.13 KB )
  46. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/AppService.php ( 0.26 KB )
  47. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Service.php ( 1.64 KB )
  48. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Lang.php ( 7.35 KB )
  49. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/lang/zh-cn.php ( 13.70 KB )
  50. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/Error.php ( 3.31 KB )
  51. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/RegisterService.php ( 1.33 KB )
  52. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/services.php ( 0.14 KB )
  53. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/PaginatorService.php ( 1.52 KB )
  54. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ValidateService.php ( 0.99 KB )
  55. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ModelService.php ( 2.04 KB )
  56. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Service.php ( 0.77 KB )
  57. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Middleware.php ( 6.72 KB )
  58. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/BootService.php ( 0.77 KB )
  59. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Paginator.php ( 11.86 KB )
  60. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/Validate.php ( 63.20 KB )
  61. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Model.php ( 23.55 KB )
  62. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Attribute.php ( 21.05 KB )
  63. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/AutoWriteData.php ( 4.21 KB )
  64. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 6.44 KB )
  65. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/DbConnect.php ( 5.16 KB )
  66. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/ModelEvent.php ( 2.33 KB )
  67. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/RelationShip.php ( 28.29 KB )
  68. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Arrayable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  69. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Jsonable.php ( 0.13 KB )
  70. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/contract/Modelable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  71. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Db.php ( 2.88 KB )
  72. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/DbManager.php ( 8.52 KB )
  73. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Log.php ( 6.28 KB )
  74. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Manager.php ( 3.92 KB )
  75. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerTrait.php ( 2.69 KB )
  76. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerInterface.php ( 2.71 KB )
  77. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cache.php ( 4.92 KB )
  78. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/psr/simple-cache/src/CacheInterface.php ( 4.71 KB )
  79. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Arr.php ( 16.63 KB )
  80. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/driver/File.php ( 7.84 KB )
  81. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/Driver.php ( 9.03 KB )
  82. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/CacheHandlerInterface.php ( 1.99 KB )
  83. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/Request.php ( 0.09 KB )
  84. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Request.php ( 55.78 KB )
  85. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/middleware.php ( 0.25 KB )
  86. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Pipeline.php ( 2.61 KB )
  87. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/TraceDebug.php ( 3.40 KB )
  88. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/middleware/SessionInit.php ( 1.94 KB )
  89. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Session.php ( 1.80 KB )
  90. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/driver/File.php ( 6.27 KB )
  91. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/SessionHandlerInterface.php ( 0.87 KB )
  92. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/Store.php ( 7.12 KB )
  93. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Route.php ( 23.73 KB )
  94. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleName.php ( 5.75 KB )
  95. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Domain.php ( 2.53 KB )
  96. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleGroup.php ( 22.43 KB )
  97. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Rule.php ( 26.95 KB )
  98. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleItem.php ( 9.78 KB )
  99. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/route/app.php ( 1.72 KB )
  100. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  101. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/dispatch/Controller.php ( 4.74 KB )
  102. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Dispatch.php ( 10.44 KB )
  103. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/controller/Index.php ( 4.81 KB )
  104. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/app/BaseController.php ( 2.05 KB )
  105. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/facade/Db.php ( 0.93 KB )
  106. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/connector/Mysql.php ( 5.44 KB )
  107. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/PDOConnection.php ( 52.47 KB )
  108. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Connection.php ( 8.39 KB )
  109. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/ConnectionInterface.php ( 4.57 KB )
  110. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/builder/Mysql.php ( 16.58 KB )
  111. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Builder.php ( 24.06 KB )
  112. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseBuilder.php ( 27.50 KB )
  113. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Query.php ( 15.71 KB )
  114. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseQuery.php ( 45.13 KB )
  115. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TimeFieldQuery.php ( 7.43 KB )
  116. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/AggregateQuery.php ( 3.26 KB )
  117. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  118. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  119. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  120. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  121. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  122. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  123. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  124. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  125. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  126. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  127. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  128. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  129. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/View.php ( 1.70 KB )
  130. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/View.php ( 4.39 KB )
  131. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  132. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  133. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
  134. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  135. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/runtime/temp/c1d6e8c94b2c2fa10e259903674c804d.php ( 8.11 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/h.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000427s ] mysql:host=172.18.0.4;port=3306;dbname=h_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000598s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000361s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000591s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000800s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 574898 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000440s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1793965477 WHERE `id` = 574898 [ RunTime:0.001111s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000310s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 574898 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000388s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 574898 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000364s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 574898 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000533s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 574898 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000520s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 574898 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000530s ]
0.089984s