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外研版七上英语期中语法知识点汇总自测

  • 2026-11-04 11:29:26
外研版七上英语期中语法知识点汇总自测

期中考前必背!新外研版七上英语语法全汇总

覆盖Starter Unit ~ Unit 3 | be动词 · 代词 · 名词 · 冠词 · There be · 一般现在时 · 形容词 · 数词

外研社(2024新版)七年级上册 · 期中复习 · 语法巩固

七上的语法最大的特点就是「碎」。一个 be 动词能变出三种形式,一个名词复数有五六条变化规则,代词还分主格宾格、形容词性名词性……这些零碎的知识点,恰恰是期中考选择题和填空题的命题密集区。

这里把 Starter Unit 到 Unit 3 的语法,按「词法→句法→时态」分层,每个知识点都配了规则、例句和易错提醒。建议先通读一遍,再重点攻克自己薄弱的部分。

———————— ✦ ————————

▍01 be动词:三种面孔,一个核心

be 动词是英语里最「善变」的词,一共就三种形式:am、is、are。变来变去,全看主语是谁。

◆ 三种形式的搭配规则

● I 用 am I am a student. 我是一名学生。

● he / she / it / 单数名词 用 is He is my brother. 他是我的弟弟。 | It is a cat. 它是一只猫。

● you / we / they / 复数名词 用 are You are my friends. 你们是我的朋友。 | We are classmates. 我们是同学。

▶我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他她(it);单数is复数are,be动词变变变。

◆ 否定句与疑问句

否定句:be 后面直接加 not。isn't、aren't、am not 都是它的变体。

✎ "I am not tall."

↳我不高。

一般疑问句:把 be 提到主语前面去。回答时用 Yes 或 No 加对应的 be 形式。

✎ "—Are you in Grade 2?—No, I'm not."

↳——你读二年级吗?——不,我不是。

特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句。

✎ "What's your name? / Where are my books?"

↳你叫什么名字?/我的书在哪儿?

———————— ✦ ————————

▍02 人称代词:主格宾格别搞混

人称代词分主格(当主语)和宾格(当宾语),还有单复数和人称的区别。说白了就是:谁在「做事」用主格,谁被「作用」用宾格。

● 第一人称 单数:I(主格)/ me(宾格);复数:we / us

● 第二人称 单复数都是 you / you

● 第三人称 单数:he / she / it(主格);him / her / it(宾格);复数:they / them

◆ 怎么用:主格放动词前,宾格放动词或介词后

✎ "She is a teacher."

↳她是一位老师。(主格作主语)

✎ "I like him."

↳我喜欢他。(宾格作宾语)

✎ "This is a letter from Mum and me."

↳这是妈妈和我的一封信。(介词 from 后用宾格)

★易错陷阱

介词后面一律用宾格!with、from、for、to后面都不能接主格。

Ioften play with he. ✗→I often play with him. ✓

Thisis a letter from I. ✗→from me. ✓

◆ it 的三个特殊身份

it 不光指「它」,还能表示时间、天气、距离:

✎ "It's 8:00 a.m. / It's sunny today. / It's two miles to the park."

↳现在是早上8点。/今天晴天。/到公园有两英里。

▶英语里说「你、他、我」:you, he/she and I;复数说 we, you and they。跟中文的「我你他」顺序不一样,别顺口说错了。

———————— ✦ ————————

▍03 物主代词:谁的?谁的!

物主代词表示「所属关系」,分两种:形容词性(后面必须接名词)和名词性(本身就等于一个名词,后面不能再接名词)。

● 形容词性(后接名词) my / your / his / her / its / our / their

● 名词性(后不接名词) mine / yours / his / hers / its / ours / theirs

对应关系:我的 my–mine、我们的 our–ours、你的 your–yours、他的 his–his、她的 her–hers、它的 its–its、他们的 their–theirs。

◆ 怎么用:看后面有没有名词

✎ "My book is on the desk."

↳我的书在桌子上。(my + 名词)

✎ "The red one is mine."

↳红色的那支是我的。(mine = my pencil)

★易错陷阱

名词性物主代词后面绝对不能再跟名词!

Thisbook is my. ✗→This book is mine. ✓

形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词!

Heris a teacher. ✗→She is a teacher. / He is her teacher. ✓

———————— ✦ ————————

▍04 名词:复数、可数不可数、所有格

◆ 一、可数名词复数——规则变化

● 一般直接加 -s book → books,apple → apples

● 以 s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 -es bus → buses,box → boxes,watch → watches

● 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es family → families,library → libraries

● 以 o 结尾 有生命加 -es(tomato → tomatoes),无生命加 -s(photo → photos)

● 以 f/fe 结尾,变 f/fe 为 -ves leaf → leaves,life → lives

▶oo 变 oo 要记牢:tomato 有生命加 -es,photo 无生命加 -s;f 变 ves 记 leaf、life、wife 这几个老面孔。

不规则变化(必背):man → men,woman → women,foot → feet,tooth → teeth,child → children,mouse → mice。

◆ 二、可数与不可数

可数名词有单复数;不可数名词没有复数形式,比如 water、milk、bread、cheese、money。不可数名词常用 some / a lot of / lots of / a bowl of / a glass of 来修饰。

✎ "There is some milk in the fridge."

↳冰箱里有一些牛奶。(milk 不可数,用 is)

◆ 三、名词所有格(表示「……的」)

● 's 所有格(多用于有生命) 单数加 's:Kate's cat;以 s 结尾的复数只加 ':the girls' books;不以 s 结尾的复数加 's:Children's Day

● 共有 vs 不共有 两人共有只在后一个加 's:Bill and Tom's mother(共同的妈妈);各不共有两个都加 's:Bill's and Tom's teachers

● 时间、距离、国家等 ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程,today's homework 今天的作业

● of 所有格(多用于无生命) the name of the book 书的名字

★易错陷阱

以s 结尾的复数名词,所有格只加撇号,不加 s:the girls' room ✓(不是 girls's)

两人共有只加一次's,各自拥有要加两次:Bill and Tom's mother(共同的妈妈)

———————— ✦ ————————

▍05 冠词:a / an / the 怎么选

冠词不能单独用,必须放在名词前面。a/an 是不定冠词(泛指),the 是定冠词(特指)。

◆ a / an:看发音,不看字母!

● a 用于辅音音素开头的词:a key,a book,a university(u 发 /ju:/,是辅音)

● an 用于元音音素开头的词:an apple,an English book,an hour(h 不发音,是元音开头)

★易错陷阱

判断用a 还是 an,看的是读音的第一个音素,不是字母!

anhour ✓(h 不发音)| a university ✓(u 发 /ju:/)| an honest boy ✓(h 不发音)

Heis a honest boy. ✗→He is an honest boy. ✓

◆ the:特指双方都知道的、或上文提过的

✎ "The book on the table is mine."

↳桌上那本书是我的。(特指)

✎ "She has a dress. The dress is purple."

↳她有一条裙子,那条裙子是紫色的。(上文提过,特指)

———————— ✦ ————————

▍06 There be 句型:某地有某物

结构是:There is/are + 某人/某物 + 某地。There is 接单数或不可数名词,There are 接复数名词。

✎ "There is a computer in my room."

↳我房间里有一台电脑。

✎ "There are 20 desks in our classroom."

↳我们教室里有20张课桌。

◆ 就近原则:be 跟着离它最近的那个名词走

✎ "There is a pen and two books on the desk."

↳桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。(最近的是 a pen,用 is)

否定句:There isn't / aren't + 名词。疑问句:Is / Are there...? 回答 Yes, there is/are. 或 No, there isn't/aren't。

▶There be 表示「某地存在某物」;have/has 表示「某人拥有某物」。两者不能混用:There is a dog in the house.(存在)| I have a dog.(拥有)

———————— ✦ ————————

▍07 一般现在时:三单是重头戏

一般现在时分两种构成:be 动词型(主系表)和行为动词型。

◆ 一、be 动词构成(主系表)

主语 + am/is/are + 表语,表示现在的状态。She is a teacher. | I am twelve.

◆ 二、行为动词构成

主语 + 动词原形;当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要变成「三单形式」。常与 always、often、sometimes、every day/week/year 连用。

✎ "We visit our grandparents every week."

↳我们每周去看望祖父母。

◆ 三、三单动词变化规则(必背!)

● 一般加 -s work → works,go → goes,get → gets

● 以 s/x/z/ch/sh 结尾加 -es pass → passes,watch → watches,fix → fixes

● 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es study → studies,fly → flies

● 特殊变化 have → has,do → does,be → is

否定句:借助 don't(三单用 doesn't)+ 动词原形。疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形。

★易错陷阱

助动词does 和三单的 -s 只能出现一个!动词要用原形。

Shedoesn't likes English. ✗→She doesn't like English. ✓

Hedon't like cooking. ✗→He doesn't like cooking. ✓

———————— ✦ ————————

▍08 形容词:三种位置

形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示性质、状态和特征。它有三种常见的「站位」。

● 作定语(放在名词前) a beautiful flower,an interesting book,a helpful girl

● 作表语(跟在 be/seem/feel 等系动词后) The water is cold. | The boy feels excited.

● 作宾补(补充说明宾语) The movie makes me happy. | Don't leave the door open.

◆ -ing 与 -ed 形容词的区别

这是七上最容易混的一对:-ing 表示「令人……的」,-ed 表示「感到……的」。

● amazing(令人惊奇的) vs amazed(感到惊奇的) The story is amazing. 故事令人惊奇。| I am amazed. 我感到惊奇。

● interesting vs interested / exciting vs excited This book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。| I am interested in it. 我对它感兴趣。

▶-ing 修饰「物」(让人怎样),-ed 修饰「人」(感到怎样)。人感到-ed,物令人-ing。

———————— ✦ ————————

▍09 数词:基数词与序数词

基数词表数目(one、two、three…),序数词表顺序(first、second、third…)。

◆ 基数词(要点)

1-10:one 到 ten;11-19:eleven 到 nineteen;整十:twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、sixty、seventy、eighty、ninety;100 是 a hundred,1000 是 a thousand。

◆ 序数词(要点)

● 前三特殊 first(1st)、second(2nd)、third(3rd)

● 第4起加 -th 但要注意几个特殊:five → fifth,eight → eighth,nine → ninth,twelve → twelfth,twenty → twentieth

✎ "the first floor 一楼 | her twentieth birthday 她的二十岁生日"

———————— ✦ ————————

▍10 基本句子结构:三种骨架

● 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 This is our new school. 这是我们的新学校。

● 主语 + 谓语(不及物动词) The class begins. 上课了。

● 主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 I love my new school. 我爱我的新学校。

———————— ✦ ————————

▍11 期中高频易错提醒(考前必看)

★划重点

be动词与实义动词不能并用:I am like English. ✗ → I like English. / I am a student. ✓

「有」的区分:某人「拥有」用have/has;某地「存在」用 there be。

do/does与三单只保留一个:She doesn't likes... ✗ → She doesn't like... ✓

a/an看发音不看字母:an hour(h 不发音)、a university(u 发 /ju:/)。

名词性物主代词后不接名词:Thisbook is my ✗ → This book is mine. ✓

Therebe 就近原则:be 跟最近的名词走。

形容词性物主代词一定要接名词:mybook、her name。

———————— ✦ ————————

▍12 实战自测(先做完再看答案)

◆ 一、用 be 动词填空

□ 1. I ______ a new student.

□ 2. She ______ my English teacher.

□ 3. We ______ in the same class.

□ 4. ______ you happy today? — Yes, I ______.

□ 5. These ______ my books.

◆ 二、选择合适的人称代词

□ 1. ______ (He/Him) is my cousin. I often play with ______ (he/him).

□ 2. This is a letter from Mum and ______ (I/me).

□ 3. ______ (We/Us) all like our new school.

□ 4. Look at that girl. ______ (She/Her) is my friend.

◆ 三、用物主代词填空

□ 1. Is this ______ (you) pencil? — No, it's ______ (she).

□ 2. This book is ______ (I), and that one is ______ (they).

□ 3. ______ (he) name is Bob. The blue bike is ______ (he).

◆ 四、写出下列名词的复数

□ 1. book → ______2. box → ______3. family → ______

□ 4. tomato → ______5. child → ______6. foot → ______

◆ 五、用 a / an / the 填空

□ 1. There is ______ orange on the table.

□ 2. ______ book on the desk is mine.

□ 3. She wants ______ apple and ______ banana.

□ 4. He is ______ student. ______ student is my brother.

◆ 六、用所给动词的正确形式填空(一般现在时)

□ 1. He ______ (go) to school by bike every day.

□ 2. My mother ______ (watch) TV in the evening.

□ 3. She ______ (not like) fish.

□ 4. ______ your father ______ (work) in a hospital? — Yes, he ______.

□ 5. I ______ (have) a lovely cat. It ______ (have) white hair.

◆ 七、句型转换

□ 1. She is a teacher.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

□ 2. There is a computer on the desk.(改为一般疑问句)

□ 3. He likes playing football.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)

□ 4. These are my books.(改为同义句,用名词性物主代词)

◆ 八、找出并改正句子中的错误

□ 1. I am like English.

□ 2. She don't like cooking.

□ 3. The blue bike is her.

□ 4. He is a honest boy.

▍✔ 参考答案与解析

● 一、be动词

✔1. am2. is3. are4. Are; am5. are

● 二、人称代词

✔1. He(作主语用主格); him(with 后用宾格)

✔2. me(介词 from 后用宾格)3. We(作主语用主格)4. She(作主语用主格)

● 三、物主代词

✔1. your(后接名词,形容词性); hers(作表语,名词性)

✔2. mine(= my book); theirs(= their books)

✔3. His(后接名词,形容词性); his(作表语,名词性)

● 四、名词复数

✔1. books2. boxes3. families4. tomatoes5. children6. feet

● 五、冠词

✔1. an(orange 元音音素开头)

✔2. The(特指桌上那本)

✔3. an; a(apple 元音开头,banana 辅音开头)

✔4. a; The(第一次提到用 a,第二次特指用 The)

● 六、一般现在时

✔1. goes(三单 +s)2. watches(ch 结尾 +es)

✔3. doesn't like(否定用动词原形)

✔4. Does; work; does(Does 与三单只留一个)

✔5. have; has(I 用 have,It 三单用 has)

● 七、句型转换

✔1. Is she a teacher? — No, she isn't.

✔2. Is there a computer on the desk?

✔3. Does he like playing football? — Yes, he does.

✔4. These books are mine.

● 八、改错

✔1. 去掉 am:I like English.(be 与实义动词不并用)

✔2. She doesn't like cooking.(三单主语用 doesn't)

✔3. The blue bike is hers.(表语用名词性物主代词)

✔4. He is an honest boy.(honest 的 h 不发音,开头是元音音素)

———————— ✦ ————————

七上的语法就像搭积木——be 动词、代词、名词、冠词这些是最基础的块。块块扎实,往后的从句、时态才能搭得稳。把这篇文章收藏起来,考前翻一遍,该拿的分一分都别丢。

▶be 动词三兄弟:am/is/are,随主语变;

代词看「位」:主格作主语,宾格跟介词或动词;

物主代词看「后」:形物+名词,名物不+名词;

名词复数五条规则+ 不规则变化必背;

冠词a/an 看发音,the 表特指;

Therebe 就近原则 + have/has 区别;

一般现在时三单变化+ do/does 只留一个;

-ing修饰物,-ed 修饰人。

———————— ✦ ————————

把上面的自测题做两遍,错题抄一遍,你会发现期中考卷上的选择题,其实就那么回事儿。

觉得有用?点个「在看」,转发给一起备考的同学吧 ✨

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000594s ] mysql:host=172.18.0.4;port=3306;dbname=h_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000959s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000430s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000356s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000709s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000348s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000775s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 575118 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000497s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1793961018 WHERE `id` = 575118 [ RunTime:0.001795s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000363s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 575118 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000763s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 575118 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000403s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 575118 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000847s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 575118 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000762s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 575118 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000713s ]
0.091273s