9 高频考点：定语从句

命题分析

在句中作定语、修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词分为关系代词（who、whom、whose、that、which）和关系副词（when、where、why）。关系词既起连接主从句的作用，又在从句中充当一定的句子成分，因此判断关系词的关键是看它在从句中作什么成分、先行词指人还是指物。

知识点1 关系代词的基本用法

关系代词用于引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。选用哪一个关系代词，取决于先行词指人还是指物、关系词在从句中充当什么成分。

①who / whom（指人）

who在从句中可作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语（口语中常可用who代替，也可省略）。The girl who is singing is my sister.（作主语）/ The man (whom) we met yesterday is a doctor.（作宾语）

②whose（指人或物）

whose表示“……的”，在从句中作定语，后面必须紧跟名词。I know the boy whose father is a teacher. / The house whose windows face south is warm.

③which（指物）

which在从句中作主语或宾语。The book which is on the desk is mine.（作主语）/ The film (which) we saw last night was moving.（作宾语）

④that（指人或物）

that既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。The film that we saw last night was moving. / The man that is talking with my father is a scientist.

知识点2 关系副词与“介词+关系代词”

当关系词在从句中不作主语或宾语，而是作时间、地点、原因状语时，要用关系副词。此外，“介词+关系代词”也是合格考常考的定语从句结构。

①when（时间状语）

先行词是表示时间的名词（day、year、time、moment等），关系词在从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when we first met.

②where（地点状语）

先行词是表示地点的名词（place、school、village、house等），关系词在从句中作地点状语。This is the school where I studied three years ago.

③why（原因状语）

先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。Tell me the reason why you were late for class.

④介词+关系代词

介词后指物只能用which，指人只能用whom。The house in which he lives is old. / The person to whom you spoke is my teacher. 介词的选择取决于从句中动词或形容词的固定搭配，如live in、talk about、look after。

知识点3 非限制性定语从句与特殊用法

①非限制性定语从句

用逗号与主句隔开，起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍完整。指人用who/whom，指物用which，不能用that；whose可指人或物。My brother, who is a doctor, works in Nanjing. / He failed the exam, which made his parents sad.

②as与which引导的非限制性定语从句

as引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末，常与as we know、as is known to all、as is often the case连用，意为“正如”；which只能位于主句之后，指代整个主句内容，意为“这”。As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.

③关系词的省略与特殊情形

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略（The book (that) I bought is new.）；关系副词when、where、why在非正式语体中可换成that或省略（the day (that) we met）。

必记结论：先行词指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that；whose后必须接名词，表示“……的”；只有关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时才用when/where/why；非限制性定语从句不能用that，也不能用why；介词后指物只用which，指人只用whom；关系代词作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略。

⚠️避坑指南

❌关系代词与关系副词混用：判断依据是关系词在从句中充当什么成分。This is the house where I lived.（作地点状语）/ This is the house which I bought.（作宾语）。

❌非限制性定语从句误用that：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，只能用who、whom、whose、which，不能用that；指代整个主句内容时只能用which。

❌先行词与从句成分不对应：the days we spent together中用that/which（spend缺宾语），the days when we worked together中用when（从句不缺主语或宾语）。

Ø考点一 关系代词who/whom/whose/that/which的选用

例1The woman ______ is giving a talk on healthy eating is a famous doctor.

【答案】who / that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：正在作健康饮食讲座的那位女士是一位著名医生。先行词the woman指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

例2I still remember the young man ______ bike was stolen last week.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我仍然记得上周自行车被偷的那个年轻人。先行词the young man指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰bike，表示“他的”，应用whose，故填whose。

Ø关系代词用法考点总结

【变式训练1·基础巩固】The volunteers ______ helped clean the community park yesterday came from our school.

【答案】who / that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：昨天帮忙打扫社区公园的志愿者来自我们学校。先行词the volunteers指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

【变式训练2·能力提升】Do you know the girl ______ mother is a nurse in the city hospital?

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：你认识那个母亲是市医院护士的女孩吗？先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰mother，应用whose，故填whose。

Ø考点二关系副词when/where/why的判定

例1This is the school ______ my father began his teaching career.

【答案】where

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：这就是我父亲开始教书生涯的那所学校。先行词the school表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

例2We will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the countryside.

【答案】that / which

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下度过的那些日子。先行词the days虽表示时间，但从句spent缺少宾语，关系词作宾语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

Ø关系副词与关系代词对比考点总结

【变式训练1·基础巩固】The small village ______ he was born is famous for its green tea.

【答案】where

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：他出生的那个小村庄以绿茶闻名。先行词the small village表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

【变式训练2·能力提升】Can you tell me the reason ______ you didn't come to the meeting yesterday?

【答案】why

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：你能告诉我你昨天没来开会的原因吗？先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why，故填why。

Ø考点三 非限制性定语从句

例1My uncle, ______ works in a hospital in Nanjing, comes to see us every month.

【答案】who

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我叔叔在南京一家医院工作，每个月都来看我们。先行词My uncle指人，非限制性定语从句中关系词作主语，只能用who，故填who。

例2The students planted many trees on the hill, ______ made our school greener.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：学生们在山上种了很多树，这使我们的学校变得更绿了。关系词指代前面整个主句的内容，非限制性定语从句中应用which，故填which。

Ø非限制性定语从句考点总结

【变式训练1·基础巩固】The Spring Festival, ______ is a traditional Chinese festival, is a time for family reunions.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：春节是中国的一个传统节日，是家人团聚的日子。先行词The Spring Festival指物，非限制性定语从句中关系词作主语，应用which，故填which。

【变式训练2·能力提升】He got up late this morning, ______ made him miss the first bus.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他今天早上起晚了，这使他错过了第一班公交车。关系词指代前面整个主句的内容，应用which，故填which。

Ø考点四关系词特殊用法与“介词+关系代词” 

例1This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.

【答案】that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：这是我看过的最好的电影。先行词被最高级the best修饰时，关系代词只能用that，故填that。

例2The old house in ______ my grandparents lived has been rebuilt.

【答案】which

【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。句意：我祖父母住过的那座老房子已经翻修。先行词the old house指物，介词in后只能用which，故填which。

Ø关系词特殊用法考点总结

【变式训练1·基础巩固】Everything ______ can be done has been done to protect the environment.

【答案】that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：为保护环境，一切能做的都已经做了。先行词是不定代词everything，关系代词只能用that，故填that。

【变式训练2·能力提升】This is the young man from ______ we learned a lot about traditional Chinese culture.

【答案】whom

【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。句意：这就是那位我们从他那里学到了许多中国传统文化知识的年轻人。先行词the young man指人，介词from后只能用whom，故填whom。

一、单句语法填空

1. The girl ______ won the first prize in the speech contest is from our class.

【答案】who / that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：在演讲比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩来自我们班。先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

2. I like the book ______ cover is designed with Chinese paintings.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我喜欢那本封面绘有中国画的书籍。关系词在从句中作定语修饰cover，应用whose，故填whose。

3. This is the modern factory ______ my mother has worked for ten years.

【答案】where

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：这就是我母亲工作了十年的现代化工厂。先行词the factory表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

4. Do you still remember the day ______ we visited the science museum?

【答案】when

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：你还记得我们参观科技馆的那一天吗？先行词the day表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when，故填when。

5. The reason ______ he missed the meeting is still unknown.

【答案】why

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：他错过会议的原因仍然不清楚。先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why，故填why。

6. He is the only student ______ was praised by the headmaster.

【答案】that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：他是唯一被校长表扬的学生。先行词被the only修饰时，关系代词只能用that，故填that。

7. The new park, ______ lies near our school, is a good place to relax.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：新公园位于我们学校附近，是放松的好地方。先行词The new park指物，非限制性定语从句中关系词作主语，应用which，故填which。

8. I don't know the young man ______ is repairing his bike under the tree.

【答案】who / that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我不认识那个在树下修自行车的年轻人。先行词the young man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

9. She showed me the photos ______ she had taken in Beijing.

【答案】that / which

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：她给我看了她在北京拍的照片。先行词the photos指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

10. The question ______ we couldn't understand was explained again by the teacher.

【答案】that / which

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们无法理解的那道题，老师又讲了一遍。先行词the question指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

11. The small village ______ I was born has changed a lot in recent years.

【答案】where

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：我出生的那个小村庄近年来变化很大。先行词the small village表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

12. Everything ______ he said at the meeting sounded reasonable.

【答案】that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：他在会上所说的一切听起来都很有道理。先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词只能用that，故填that。

13. The film ______ we watched last night was about a young scientist.

【答案】that / which

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们昨晚看的那部电影讲述了一位年轻科学家的故事。先行词the film指物，关系词在从句中作watched的宾语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

14. I still remember the summer ______ we worked as volunteers in the community.

【答案】when

【解析】考查关系副词。句意：我仍然记得我们在社区做志愿者的那个夏天。先行词the summer表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when，故填when。

15. The woman ______ bag was lost in the market has got it back.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：在市场上丢了包的那位女士已经把它找回来了。关系词在从句中作定语修饰bag，应用whose，故填whose。

16. He lives in an old house ______ windows face the sea.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：他住在一座窗户朝海的旧房子里。关系词在从句中作定语修饰windows，指物，应用whose，故填whose。

17. Our school has many students ______ parents are busy with their work.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们学校有许多父母忙于工作的学生。关系词在从句中作定语修饰parents，应用whose，故填whose。

18. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is due next Monday.

【答案】that / which

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我从图书馆借的那本书下周一到期。先行词the book指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

二、语法填空

Last month our school held a "Chinese Culture Week", 1. ______ aimed to help students learn more about traditional Chinese culture.

The activity attracted many students 2. ______ were interested in Chinese history and art. In the school hall there was a special corner 3. ______ we could try paper-cutting and calligraphy.

I still remember the day 4. ______ an old artist came to our school. He told us the story of the giant panda, 5. ______ is regarded as a national treasure of China. The reason 6. ______ he chose this topic was that he wanted us to care more about wild animals.

My friend Li Hua, 7. ______ handwriting is very beautiful, won the first prize in the calligraphy competition. The teacher 8. ______ we all like gave her a book 9. ______ was written by a famous Chinese writer.

This is the school 10. ______ we have learned not only knowledge but also the value of our own culture.

【答案】1. which 2. who / that 3. where 4. when 5. which 6. why 7. whose 8. who / whom / that 9. that / which 10. where

【解析】

1. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个月我们学校举办了“中华文化周”，旨在帮助同学们更多地了解中国传统文化。先行词为"Chinese Culture Week"，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which，故填which。

2. 考查关系代词。句意：这项活动吸引了许多对中国历史与艺术感兴趣的学生。先行词many students指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

3. 考查关系副词。句意：在学校大厅里有一个我们体验剪纸和书法的特别角落。先行词a special corner表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

4. 考查关系副词。句意：我仍然记得一位老艺术家来到我们学校的那一天。先行词the day表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when，故填when。

5. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他给我们讲述了大熊猫的故事，大熊猫被视为中国的国宝。先行词the giant panda指物，非限制性定语从句中关系词作主语，应用which，故填which。

6. 考查关系副词。句意：他选择这个话题的原因是他希望我们更多地关注野生动物。先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why，故填why。

7. 考查关系代词。句意：我的朋友李华书法很漂亮，在书法比赛中获得了一等奖。关系词在从句中作定语修饰handwriting，应用whose，故填whose。

8. 考查关系代词。句意：我们都很喜欢的那位老师送给她一本书。先行词the teacher指人，关系词在从句中作like的宾语，应用who、whom或that，故填who/whom/that。

9. 考查关系代词。句意：同上。先行词a book指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which，故填that/which。

10. 考查关系副词。句意：这就是我们不仅学到知识、还懂得自身文化价值的学校。先行词the school表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

三、真题演练

1.（2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）Unlike traditional phones, Paxo phones can be assembled (组装) by people 38 ______ get parts through the internet and follow online teaching videos.

【答案】who / that

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：与传统的手机不同，Paxo手机可以由人们自己组装，他们通过互联网获取零件并跟着线上教学视频操作。先行词people指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，故填who/that。

2.（2024·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）Bicycle circles have been turned into city clubs, 43 ______ cool city bikers gather to buy bicycle accessories, drink coffee and exchange the latest trend in the cycling world.

【答案】where

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句中的关系副词。句意：自行车圈子已经变成了城市俱乐部，时尚的都市骑行者在这里聚集，购买自行车配件、喝咖啡并交流骑行界的最新潮流。先行词city clubs表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填where。

3.（2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）Just then, another man, 44 ______ was on a morning run, came over to help them.

【答案】who

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：就在那时，另一位正在晨跑的男士走过来帮助他们。先行词another man指人，非限制性定语从句中关系词作主语，只能用who，故填who。

4.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）The money will be used to help the people ______ homes were lost in the earthquake.A. whatB. whoseC. whomD. which

【答案】B

【解析】考查关系代词。句意：这笔钱将被用来帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人们。关系词在从句中作定语修饰homes，表示“他们的”，应用whose；what不能引导定语从句，whom只作宾语，which指物，故选B。