本文介绍了一种基于Java的解决方案,它利用了阿里巴巴开源的EasyExcel库来实现高效且灵活的Excel数据导入功能。我们将探讨如何通过自定义监听器和工具类来处理复杂的Excel表结构,并展示如何轻松应对各种数据验证需求。
2、自定义监听器

/** * Excel相关处理 * * @author 鲁子狄 */@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)public class ExcelUtil{/** * 同步导入(适用于小数据量) * * @param is 输入流 * @return 转换后集合 */ public static <T> List<T> importExcel(InputStream is, Class<T> clazz){return EasyExcel.read(is).head(clazz).autoCloseStream(false).sheet().doReadSync(); }/** * 使用校验监听器 异步导入 同步返回 * * @param is 输入流 * @param clazz 对象类型 * @param isValidate 是否 Validator 检验 默认为是 * @return 转换后集合 */ public static <T> ExcelResult<T> importExcel(InputStream is, Class<T> clazz, boolean isValidate){ DefaultExcelListener<T> listener = new DefaultExcelListener<>(isValidate); EasyExcel.read(is, clazz, listener).sheet().doRead();return listener.getExcelResult(); }/** * 使用自定义监听器 异步导入 自定义返回 * * @param is 输入流 * @param clazz 对象类型 * @param listener 自定义监听器 * @return 转换后集合 */ public static <T> ExcelResult<T> importExcel(InputStream is, Class<T> clazz, ExcelListener<T> listener){ EasyExcel.read(is, clazz, listener).sheet().doRead();return listener.getExcelResult(); }/** * 使用自定义监听器 异步导入 自定义返回 * * @param is 输入流 * @param clazz 对象类型 * @param targetCells 获取表头对应的单元格 * @param headRowNum 表头行 * @param listener 自定义监听器 * @return 转换后集合 */ public static <T> ExcelResult<T> importExcel(InputStream is, Class<T> clazz, Set<CellPosition> targetCells, Integer headRowNum, ExcelListener<T> listener){byte[] inputStreamBytes;try { inputStreamBytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(is); } catch (IOException e) {thrownew RuntimeException("读取输入流异常", e); }if (targetCells != null) {// 同步读取预表头数据 PreHeaderListener preHeaderListener = new PreHeaderListener(targetCells);// 注册监听器前先设置读取模式为无模型读取try (InputStream preHeaderInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(inputStreamBytes)) { EasyExcel.read(preHeaderInputStream) .sheet() .headRowNumber(0) .registerReadListener(preHeaderListener) .doReadSync(); } catch (IOException e) {thrownew RuntimeException("读取预表头数据异常", e); }// 获取预表头数据 Map<String, String> preHeaderData = preHeaderListener.getPreHeaderData(); listener.setPreHeaderData(preHeaderData); }// 使用新的输入流重新读取文件,这次是为了读取实际数据try (InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(inputStreamBytes)) { EasyExcel.read(inputStream) .sheet() .head(clazz) .headRowNumber(headRowNum) .registerReadListener(listener) .doRead(); } catch (IOException e) {thrownew RuntimeException("导出Excel异常", e); }return listener.getExcelResult(); }}
- 默认基础导入(特殊 Excel 建立在这个基础上)
特殊 Excel 建立在这个基础上,这块的代码也要有public interface ExcelListener<T> extends ReadListener<T> {ExcelResult<T> getExcelResult();/** * 设置预表头数据 * * @param preHeaderData 预表头数据 */ void setPreHeaderData(Map<String, String> preHeaderData);}
@Slf4j@NoArgsConstructorpublic class DefaultExcelListener<T> extendsAnalysisEventListener<T> implementsExcelListener<T> {/** * 是否Validator检验,默认为是 */private Boolean isValidate = Boolean.TRUE;/** * excel 表头数据 */private Map<Integer, String> headMap;/** * 导入回执 */private ExcelResult<T> excelResult; public DefaultExcelListener(boolean isValidate){this.excelResult = new DefaultExcelResult<>();this.isValidate = isValidate; }/** * 处理异常 * * @param exception ExcelDataConvertException * @param context Excel 上下文 */@Override public void onException(Exception exception, AnalysisContext context)throws Exception { String errMsg = null;if (exception instanceof ExcelDataConvertException excelDataConvertException) {// 如果是某一个单元格的转换异常 能获取到具体行号 Integer rowIndex = excelDataConvertException.getRowIndex(); Integer columnIndex = excelDataConvertException.getColumnIndex(); errMsg = StrUtil.format("第{}行-第{}列-表头{}: 解析异常<br/>", rowIndex + 1, columnIndex + 1, headMap.get(columnIndex));if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.error(errMsg); } }if (exception instanceof ConstraintViolationException constraintViolationException) { Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> constraintViolations = constraintViolationException.getConstraintViolations(); String constraintViolationsMsg = StreamUtils.join(constraintViolations, ConstraintViolation::getMessage, ", "); errMsg = StrUtil.format("第{}行数据校验异常: {}", context.readRowHolder().getRowIndex() + 1, constraintViolationsMsg);if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.error(errMsg); } } excelResult.getErrorList().add(errMsg);thrownew ExcelAnalysisException(errMsg); }@Override public void invokeHeadMap(Map<Integer, String> headMap, AnalysisContext context){this.headMap = headMap; log.debug("解析到一条表头数据: {}", JsonUtils.toJsonString(headMap)); }@Override public void invoke(T data, AnalysisContext context){if (isValidate) { ValidatorUtils.validate(data); } excelResult.getList().add(data); }@Override public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext context){ log.debug("所有数据解析完成!"); }@Overridepublic ExcelResult<T> getExcelResult(){return excelResult; }@Override public void setPreHeaderData(Map<String, String> preHeaderData){ }
public interface ExcelResult<T> {/** * 对象列表 */List<T> getList();/** * 错误列表 */List<String> getErrorList();/** * 导入回执 */String getAnalysis();}
public class DefaultExcelResult<T> implementsExcelResult<T> {/** * 数据对象list */@Setterprivate List<T> list;/** * 错误信息列表 */@Setterprivate List<String> errorList; public DefaultExcelResult(){this.list = new ArrayList<>();this.errorList = new ArrayList<>(); } public DefaultExcelResult(List<T> list, List<String> errorList){this.list = list;this.errorList = errorList; } public DefaultExcelResult(ExcelResult<T> excelResult){this.list = excelResult.getList();this.errorList = excelResult.getErrorList(); }@Overridepublic List<T> getList(){return list; }@Overridepublic List<String> getErrorList(){return errorList; }/** * 获取导入回执 * * @return 导入回执 */@Overridepublic String getAnalysis(){int successCount = list.size();int errorCount = errorList.size();if (successCount == 0) {return"读取失败,未解析到数据"; } else {if (errorCount == 0) {return StrUtil.format("恭喜您,全部读取成功!共{}条", successCount); } else {return""; } } }}
/** * 单元格位置类 * 用于表示Excel中的单元格位置 * * @author 鲁子狄 * @since 2025/03/19 11:30 **/@Datapublic class CellPosition{/** * 行索引 */ private final int row;/** * 列索引 */ private final int column;/** * 构造函数 * 将列字母转换为列索引 * * @param row 行索引 * @param columnLetter 列字母 */ public CellPosition(int row, String columnLetter){this.row = row - 1; column = getColumnIndex(columnLetter); }/** * 将列字母转换为列索引 * * @param columnLetter 列字母 * @return 列索引 */ private static intgetColumnIndex(String columnLetter){int columnIndex = 0;for (int i = 0; i < columnLetter.length(); i++) { columnIndex = columnIndex * 26 + (columnLetter.charAt(i) - 'A' + 1); }return columnIndex - 1; }}
/** * 预表头监听器 * 用于在读取Excel文件时处理预表头数据 * * @author 鲁子狄 * @since 2025/03/18 14:55 **/@Slf4j@Getterpublic class PreHeaderListenerextendsAnalysisEventListener<Map<Integer, String>> {/** * 存储目标单元格的位置 */ private final Set<CellPosition> targetCells;/** * 存储预表头数据 */ private final Map<String, String> preHeaderData = new HashMap<>();/** * 构造函数 * * @param targetCells 目标单元格的位置集合 */ public PreHeaderListener(Set<CellPosition> targetCells){this.targetCells = targetCells; }/** * 将列索引转换为列字母 * * @param columnIndex 列索引 * @return 列字母 */private static String getColumnLetter(int columnIndex){ StringBuilder columnLetter = new StringBuilder();while (columnIndex >= 0) { columnLetter.insert(0, (char) ('A' + columnIndex % 26)); columnIndex = columnIndex / 26 - 1; }return columnLetter.toString(); }/** * 处理每一行数据 * * @param map 当前行的数据 * @param context 分析上下文 */@Override public void invoke(Map<Integer, String> map, AnalysisContext context){int rowIndex = context.readRowHolder().getRowIndex();for (CellPosition position : targetCells) {if (position.getRow() == rowIndex) {int columnIndex = position.getColumn();if (map.containsKey(columnIndex)) { String cellValue = map.get(columnIndex); preHeaderData.put("行" + (rowIndex + 1) + "列" + getColumnLetter(columnIndex), cellValue); } } } }/** * 所有数据解析完成后调用 * * @param analysisContext 分析上下文 */@Override public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext analysisContext){ }}
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